PATTERNS OF GENOMIC VARIATION IN THE POPLAR RUST FUNGUS MELAMPSORA LARICI-POPULINA IDENTIFY PATHOGENESIS-RELATED FACTORS

Patterns of genomic variation in the poplar rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina identify pathogenesis-related factors

Melampsora larici-populina is a fungal pathogen responsible for foliar rust disease on poplar trees, which causes damage to forest plantations worldwide, particularly in Northern Europe.The reference genome of the isolate 98AG31 was previously sequenced using a whole genome shotgun strategy, revealing a large genome of 101 megabases containing 16,3

read more

The Competitiveness of Beef Exports From Burkina Faso to Ghana

Despite large volumes of cattle stocks in the Sahel, most exports of cattle products remain as live animal sales rather than meat.However, there is increased interest amongst donors and governments to increase value-added exports of beef.In this paper, we provide results from a simulation analysis that explores the prospective competitiveness and b

read more


Simulating symmetric time evolution with local operations

In closed systems, dynamical symmetries lead to conservation laws.However, conservation laws are not applicable to open systems that undergo irreversible transformations.More general selection rules are needed to determine whether, given two states, the transition from one state to the other is possible.The usual approach to the problem of finding

read more